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authorLibravatarLibravatar Biswakalyan Bhuyan <biswa@surgot.in> 2024-07-25 12:10:39 +0530
committerLibravatarLibravatar Biswakalyan Bhuyan <biswa@surgot.in> 2024-07-25 12:10:39 +0530
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-# safer-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url] [![Security Responsible Disclosure][secuirty-image]][secuirty-url]
-
-[travis-image]: https://travis-ci.org/ChALkeR/safer-buffer.svg?branch=master
-[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/ChALkeR/safer-buffer
-[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safer-buffer.svg
-[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safer-buffer
-[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
-[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
-[secuirty-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Security-Responsible%20Disclosure-green.svg
-[secuirty-url]: https://github.com/nodejs/security-wg/blob/master/processes/responsible_disclosure_template.md
-
-Modern Buffer API polyfill without footguns, working on Node.js from 0.8 to current.
-
-## How to use?
-
-First, port all `Buffer()` and `new Buffer()` calls to `Buffer.alloc()` and `Buffer.from()` API.
-
-Then, to achieve compatibility with outdated Node.js versions (`<4.5.0` and 5.x `<5.9.0`), use
-`const Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` in all files where you make calls to the new
-Buffer API. _Use `var` instead of `const` if you need that for your Node.js version range support._
-
-Also, see the
-[porting Buffer](https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer/blob/master/Porting-Buffer.md) guide.
-
-## Do I need it?
-
-Hopefully, not — dropping support for outdated Node.js versions should be fine nowdays, and that
-is the recommended path forward. You _do_ need to port to the `Buffer.alloc()` and `Buffer.from()`
-though.
-
-See the [porting guide](https://github.com/ChALkeR/safer-buffer/blob/master/Porting-Buffer.md)
-for a better description.
-
-## Why not [safe-buffer](https://npmjs.com/safe-buffer)?
-
-_In short: while `safe-buffer` serves as a polyfill for the new API, it allows old API usage and
-itself contains footguns._
-
-`safe-buffer` could be used safely to get the new API while still keeping support for older
-Node.js versions (like this module), but while analyzing ecosystem usage of the old Buffer API
-I found out that `safe-buffer` is itself causing problems in some cases.
-
-For example, consider the following snippet:
-
-```console
-$ cat example.unsafe.js
-console.log(Buffer(20))
-$ ./node-v6.13.0-linux-x64/bin/node example.unsafe.js
-<Buffer 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 13 de 02 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00>
-$ standard example.unsafe.js
-standard: Use JavaScript Standard Style (https://standardjs.com)
- /home/chalker/repo/safer-buffer/example.unsafe.js:2:13: 'Buffer()' was deprecated since v6. Use 'Buffer.alloc()' or 'Buffer.from()' (use 'https://www.npmjs.com/package/safe-buffer' for '<4.5.0') instead.
-```
-
-This is allocates and writes to console an uninitialized chunk of memory.
-[standard](https://www.npmjs.com/package/standard) linter (among others) catch that and warn people
-to avoid using unsafe API.
-
-Let's now throw in `safe-buffer`!
-
-```console
-$ cat example.safe-buffer.js
-const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
-console.log(Buffer(20))
-$ standard example.safe-buffer.js
-$ ./node-v6.13.0-linux-x64/bin/node example.safe-buffer.js
-<Buffer 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 28 58 01 82 fe 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00>
-```
-
-See the problem? Adding in `safe-buffer` _magically removes the lint warning_, but the behavior
-remains identiсal to what we had before, and when launched on Node.js 6.x LTS — this dumps out
-chunks of uninitialized memory.
-_And this code will still emit runtime warnings on Node.js 10.x and above._
-
-That was done by design. I first considered changing `safe-buffer`, prohibiting old API usage or
-emitting warnings on it, but that significantly diverges from `safe-buffer` design. After some
-discussion, it was decided to move my approach into a separate package, and _this is that separate
-package_.
-
-This footgun is not imaginary — I observed top-downloaded packages doing that kind of thing,
-«fixing» the lint warning by blindly including `safe-buffer` without any actual changes.
-
-Also in some cases, even if the API _was_ migrated to use of safe Buffer API — a random pull request
-can bring unsafe Buffer API usage back to the codebase by adding new calls — and that could go
-unnoticed even if you have a linter prohibiting that (becase of the reason stated above), and even
-pass CI. _I also observed that being done in popular packages._
-
-Some examples:
- * [webdriverio](https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/commit/05cbd3167c12e4930f09ef7cf93b127ba4effae4#diff-124380949022817b90b622871837d56cR31)
- (a module with 548 759 downloads/month),
- * [websocket-stream](https://github.com/maxogden/websocket-stream/commit/c9312bd24d08271687d76da0fe3c83493871cf61)
- (218 288 d/m, fix in [maxogden/websocket-stream#142](https://github.com/maxogden/websocket-stream/pull/142)),
- * [node-serialport](https://github.com/node-serialport/node-serialport/commit/e8d9d2b16c664224920ce1c895199b1ce2def48c)
- (113 138 d/m, fix in [node-serialport/node-serialport#1510](https://github.com/node-serialport/node-serialport/pull/1510)),
- * [karma](https://github.com/karma-runner/karma/commit/3d94b8cf18c695104ca195334dc75ff054c74eec)
- (3 973 193 d/m, fix in [karma-runner/karma#2947](https://github.com/karma-runner/karma/pull/2947)),
- * [spdy-transport](https://github.com/spdy-http2/spdy-transport/commit/5375ac33f4a62a4f65bcfc2827447d42a5dbe8b1)
- (5 970 727 d/m, fix in [spdy-http2/spdy-transport#53](https://github.com/spdy-http2/spdy-transport/pull/53)).
- * And there are a lot more over the ecosystem.
-
-I filed a PR at
-[mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node#110](https://github.com/mysticatea/eslint-plugin-node/pull/110) to
-partially fix that (for cases when that lint rule is used), but it is a semver-major change for
-linter rules and presets, so it would take significant time for that to reach actual setups.
-_It also hasn't been released yet (2018-03-20)._
-
-Also, `safer-buffer` discourages the usage of `.allocUnsafe()`, which is often done by a mistake.
-It still supports it with an explicit concern barier, by placing it under
-`require('safer-buffer/dangereous')`.
-
-## But isn't throwing bad?
-
-Not really. It's an error that could be noticed and fixed early, instead of causing havoc later like
-unguarded `new Buffer()` calls that end up receiving user input can do.
-
-This package affects only the files where `var Buffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` was done, so
-it is really simple to keep track of things and make sure that you don't mix old API usage with that.
-Also, CI should hint anything that you might have missed.
-
-New commits, if tested, won't land new usage of unsafe Buffer API this way.
-_Node.js 10.x also deals with that by printing a runtime depecation warning._
-
-### Would it affect third-party modules?
-
-No, unless you explicitly do an awful thing like monkey-patching or overriding the built-in `Buffer`.
-Don't do that.
-
-### But I don't want throwing…
-
-That is also fine!
-
-Also, it could be better in some cases when you don't comprehensive enough test coverage.
-
-In that case — just don't override `Buffer` and use
-`var SaferBuffer = require('safer-buffer').Buffer` instead.
-
-That way, everything using `Buffer` natively would still work, but there would be two drawbacks:
-
-* `Buffer.from`/`Buffer.alloc` won't be polyfilled — use `SaferBuffer.from` and
- `SaferBuffer.alloc` instead.
-* You are still open to accidentally using the insecure deprecated API — use a linter to catch that.
-
-Note that using a linter to catch accidential `Buffer` constructor usage in this case is strongly
-recommended. `Buffer` is not overriden in this usecase, so linters won't get confused.
-
-## «Without footguns»?
-
-Well, it is still possible to do _some_ things with `Buffer` API, e.g. accessing `.buffer` property
-on older versions and duping things from there. You shouldn't do that in your code, probabably.
-
-The intention is to remove the most significant footguns that affect lots of packages in the
-ecosystem, and to do it in the proper way.
-
-Also, this package doesn't protect against security issues affecting some Node.js versions, so for
-usage in your own production code, it is still recommended to update to a Node.js version
-[supported by upstream](https://github.com/nodejs/release#release-schedule).