feat: added basic backend features to it

  - Set up API framework (Gin Gonic)
  - Set up ORM/DB library (GORM)
  - Design database schema (Users, Accounts, Transactions, Loans, Goals)
  - Set up database connection and migrations

1 files changed, 247 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/backend/internal/api/auth/auth.go b/backend/internal/api/auth/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f8fa6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/api/auth/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"finance/backend/internal/config"
+	"finance/backend/internal/database"
+	"finance/backend/internal/models"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+)
+
+// Request and Response Types
+
+// SignupRequest represents the data needed for registering a new user
+type SignupRequest struct {
+	Name     string `json:"name" binding:"required"`
+	Email    string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
+	Password string `json:"password" binding:"required,min=8"`
+}
+
+// LoginRequest represents the data needed for user login
+type LoginRequest struct {
+	Email    string `json:"email" binding:"required,email"`
+	Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
+}
+
+// AuthResponse is returned on successful authentication
+type AuthResponse struct {
+	Token string      `json:"token"`
+	User  models.User `json:"user"`
+}
+
+// JWT Token Functions
+
+// GenerateJWT creates a new JWT token for a given user ID.
+func GenerateJWT(userID uint, cfg *config.Config) (string, error) {
+	// Create the claims
+	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
+		"sub": userID,                                // Subject (user ID)
+		"iss": "finance-app",                         // Issuer
+		"aud": "finance-app-users",                   // Audience
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 24).Unix(), // Expiration time (e.g., 24 hours)
+		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),                     // Issued at
+	}
+
+	// Create token
+	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, claims)
+
+	// Sign token with secret
+	signedToken, err := token.SignedString([]byte(cfg.JWTSecret))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to sign token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return signedToken, nil
+}
+
+// ValidateJWT validates a JWT token and extracts the user ID from it.
+// Returns the user ID if the token is valid, or an error if it's not.
+func ValidateJWT(tokenString string, cfg *config.Config) (uint, error) {
+	// Parse the token
+	token, err := jwt.Parse(tokenString, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
+		// Validate the signing method
+		if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
+		}
+
+		// Return the secret key
+		return []byte(cfg.JWTSecret), nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Check if token is valid
+	if !token.Valid {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid token")
+	}
+
+	// Extract claims
+	claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid token claims")
+	}
+
+	// Verify expiration time
+	if exp, ok := claims["exp"].(float64); ok {
+		if time.Now().Unix() > int64(exp) {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("token expired")
+		}
+	} else {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid expiration claim")
+	}
+
+	// Extract user ID from subject claim
+	sub, ok := claims["sub"].(float64)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid subject claim")
+	}
+
+	// Convert to uint and return
+	return uint(sub), nil
+}
+
+// Handler Functions
+
+// Signup handles user registration
+func Signup(cfg *config.Config) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var req SignupRequest
+		if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check if user with this email already exists
+		var existingUser models.User
+		result := database.DB.Where("email = ?", req.Email).First(&existingUser)
+		if result.RowsAffected > 0 {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "User with this email already exists"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Create new user
+		user := models.User{
+			Name:  req.Name,
+			Email: req.Email,
+		}
+
+		// Set password (this will hash it)
+		if err := user.SetPassword(req.Password); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to process password"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Save user to database
+		if err := database.DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to create user"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Generate JWT token
+		token, err := GenerateJWT(user.ID, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to generate authentication token"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Clear password hash before returning user data
+		user.PasswordHash = ""
+
+		c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, AuthResponse{
+			Token: token,
+			User:  user,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Login handles user authentication
+func Login(cfg *config.Config) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var req LoginRequest
+		if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Find user by email
+		var user models.User
+		result := database.DB.Where("email = ?", req.Email).First(&user)
+		if result.Error != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Invalid email or password"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check password
+		if err := user.CheckPassword(req.Password); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Invalid email or password"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Generate JWT token
+		token, err := GenerateJWT(user.ID, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "Failed to generate authentication token"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Clear password hash before returning user data
+		user.PasswordHash = ""
+
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, AuthResponse{
+			Token: token,
+			User:  user,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// AuthMiddleware validates JWT tokens and adds user data to the context
+func AuthMiddleware(cfg *config.Config) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		authHeader := c.GetHeader("Authorization")
+		if authHeader == "" {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Authorization header is required"})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Check if the Authorization header has the Bearer prefix
+		parts := strings.Split(authHeader, " ")
+		if len(parts) != 2 || parts[0] != "Bearer" {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Authorization header format must be Bearer {token}"})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Extract the token
+		tokenString := parts[1]
+
+		// Validate the token
+		userID, err := ValidateJWT(tokenString, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "Invalid or expired token"})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Find the user in the database
+		var user models.User
+		if err := database.DB.First(&user, userID).Error; err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"error": "User not found"})
+			c.Abort()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Set user data in context
+		c.Set("userID", userID)
+		c.Set("user", user)
+
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}