id card generator

1 files changed, 827 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py b/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2990764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+import errno
+import json
+import operator
+import os
+import shutil
+import site
+from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Values
+from typing import Iterable, List, Optional
+
+from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
+from pip._vendor.rich import print_json
+
+from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
+from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
+from pip._internal.cli.cmdoptions import make_target_python
+from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
+    RequirementCommand,
+    warn_if_run_as_root,
+    with_cleanup,
+)
+from pip._internal.cli.status_codes import ERROR, SUCCESS
+from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError, InstallationError
+from pip._internal.locations import get_scheme
+from pip._internal.metadata import get_environment
+from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
+from pip._internal.models.installation_report import InstallationReport
+from pip._internal.operations.build.build_tracker import get_build_tracker
+from pip._internal.operations.check import ConflictDetails, check_install_conflicts
+from pip._internal.req import install_given_reqs
+from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
+from pip._internal.utils.compat import WINDOWS
+from pip._internal.utils.distutils_args import parse_distutils_args
+from pip._internal.utils.filesystem import test_writable_dir
+from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
+from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
+    ensure_dir,
+    get_pip_version,
+    protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows,
+    write_output,
+)
+from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import TempDirectory
+from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import (
+    running_under_virtualenv,
+    virtualenv_no_global,
+)
+from pip._internal.wheel_builder import (
+    BinaryAllowedPredicate,
+    build,
+    should_build_for_install_command,
+)
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def get_check_binary_allowed(format_control: FormatControl) -> BinaryAllowedPredicate:
+    def check_binary_allowed(req: InstallRequirement) -> bool:
+        canonical_name = canonicalize_name(req.name or "")
+        allowed_formats = format_control.get_allowed_formats(canonical_name)
+        return "binary" in allowed_formats
+
+    return check_binary_allowed
+
+
+class InstallCommand(RequirementCommand):
+    """
+    Install packages from:
+
+    - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
+    - VCS project urls.
+    - Local project directories.
+    - Local or remote source archives.
+
+    pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
+    an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.
+    """
+
+    usage = """
+      %prog [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
+      %prog [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
+      %prog [options] <archive url/path> ..."""
+
+    def add_options(self) -> None:
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.requirements())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.constraints())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_deps())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.pre())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.editable())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="dry_run",
+            default=False,
+            help=(
+                "Don't actually install anything, just print what would be. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements."
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-t",
+            "--target",
+            dest="target_dir",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Install packages into <dir>. "
+                "By default this will not replace existing files/folders in "
+                "<dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> "
+                "with new versions."
+            ),
+        )
+        cmdoptions.add_target_python_options(self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Install to the Python user install directory for your "
+                "platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\\Python on "
+                "Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE "
+                "for full details.)"
+            ),
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-user",
+            dest="use_user_site",
+            action="store_false",
+            help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--root",
+            dest="root_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help="Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--prefix",
+            dest="prefix_path",
+            metavar="dir",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level "
+                "folders are placed"
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.src())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-U",
+            "--upgrade",
+            dest="upgrade",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available "
+                "version. The handling of dependencies depends on the "
+                "upgrade-strategy used."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--upgrade-strategy",
+            dest="upgrade_strategy",
+            default="only-if-needed",
+            choices=["only-if-needed", "eager"],
+            help=(
+                "Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled "
+                "[default: %default]. "
+                '"eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of '
+                "whether the currently installed version satisfies the "
+                "requirements of the upgraded package(s). "
+                '"only-if-needed" -  are upgraded only when they do not '
+                "satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s)."
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--force-reinstall",
+            dest="force_reinstall",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "-I",
+            "--ignore-installed",
+            dest="ignore_installed",
+            action="store_true",
+            help=(
+                "Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. "
+                "This can break your system if the existing package "
+                "is of a different version or was installed "
+                "with a different package manager!"
+            ),
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.ignore_requires_python())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_build_isolation())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_use_pep517())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.check_build_deps())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.config_settings())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.install_options())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.global_options())
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--compile",
+            action="store_true",
+            dest="compile",
+            default=True,
+            help="Compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-compile",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="compile",
+            help="Do not compile Python source files to bytecode",
+        )
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-script-location",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_script_location",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--no-warn-conflicts",
+            action="store_false",
+            dest="warn_about_conflicts",
+            default=True,
+            help="Do not warn about broken dependencies",
+        )
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.no_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.only_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.prefer_binary())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.require_hashes())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.progress_bar())
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(cmdoptions.root_user_action())
+
+        index_opts = cmdoptions.make_option_group(
+            cmdoptions.index_group,
+            self.parser,
+        )
+
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, index_opts)
+        self.parser.insert_option_group(0, self.cmd_opts)
+
+        self.cmd_opts.add_option(
+            "--report",
+            dest="json_report_file",
+            metavar="file",
+            default=None,
+            help=(
+                "Generate a JSON file describing what pip did to install "
+                "the provided requirements. "
+                "Can be used in combination with --dry-run and --ignore-installed "
+                "to 'resolve' the requirements. "
+                "When - is used as file name it writes to stdout."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @with_cleanup
+    def run(self, options: Values, args: List[str]) -> int:
+        if options.use_user_site and options.target_dir is not None:
+            raise CommandError("Can not combine '--user' and '--target'")
+
+        cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
+        upgrade_strategy = "to-satisfy-only"
+        if options.upgrade:
+            upgrade_strategy = options.upgrade_strategy
+
+        cmdoptions.check_dist_restriction(options, check_target=True)
+
+        install_options = options.install_options or []
+
+        logger.verbose("Using %s", get_pip_version())
+        options.use_user_site = decide_user_install(
+            options.use_user_site,
+            prefix_path=options.prefix_path,
+            target_dir=options.target_dir,
+            root_path=options.root_path,
+            isolated_mode=options.isolated_mode,
+        )
+
+        target_temp_dir: Optional[TempDirectory] = None
+        target_temp_dir_path: Optional[str] = None
+        if options.target_dir:
+            options.ignore_installed = True
+            options.target_dir = os.path.abspath(options.target_dir)
+            if (
+                # fmt: off
+                os.path.exists(options.target_dir) and
+                not os.path.isdir(options.target_dir)
+                # fmt: on
+            ):
+                raise CommandError(
+                    "Target path exists but is not a directory, will not continue."
+                )
+
+            # Create a target directory for using with the target option
+            target_temp_dir = TempDirectory(kind="target")
+            target_temp_dir_path = target_temp_dir.path
+            self.enter_context(target_temp_dir)
+
+        global_options = options.global_options or []
+
+        session = self.get_default_session(options)
+
+        target_python = make_target_python(options)
+        finder = self._build_package_finder(
+            options=options,
+            session=session,
+            target_python=target_python,
+            ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+        )
+        wheel_cache = WheelCache(options.cache_dir, options.format_control)
+
+        build_tracker = self.enter_context(get_build_tracker())
+
+        directory = TempDirectory(
+            delete=not options.no_clean,
+            kind="install",
+            globally_managed=True,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            reqs = self.get_requirements(args, options, finder, session)
+
+            # Only when installing is it permitted to use PEP 660.
+            # In other circumstances (pip wheel, pip download) we generate
+            # regular (i.e. non editable) metadata and wheels.
+            for req in reqs:
+                req.permit_editable_wheels = True
+
+            reject_location_related_install_options(reqs, options.install_options)
+
+            preparer = self.make_requirement_preparer(
+                temp_build_dir=directory,
+                options=options,
+                build_tracker=build_tracker,
+                session=session,
+                finder=finder,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                verbosity=self.verbosity,
+            )
+            resolver = self.make_resolver(
+                preparer=preparer,
+                finder=finder,
+                options=options,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                ignore_installed=options.ignore_installed,
+                ignore_requires_python=options.ignore_requires_python,
+                force_reinstall=options.force_reinstall,
+                upgrade_strategy=upgrade_strategy,
+                use_pep517=options.use_pep517,
+            )
+
+            self.trace_basic_info(finder)
+
+            requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
+                reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
+            )
+
+            if options.json_report_file:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "--report is currently an experimental option. "
+                    "The output format may change in a future release "
+                    "without prior warning."
+                )
+
+                report = InstallationReport(requirement_set.requirements_to_install)
+                if options.json_report_file == "-":
+                    print_json(data=report.to_dict())
+                else:
+                    with open(options.json_report_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        json.dump(report.to_dict(), f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+            if options.dry_run:
+                would_install_items = sorted(
+                    (r.metadata["name"], r.metadata["version"])
+                    for r in requirement_set.requirements_to_install
+                )
+                if would_install_items:
+                    write_output(
+                        "Would install %s",
+                        " ".join("-".join(item) for item in would_install_items),
+                    )
+                return SUCCESS
+
+            try:
+                pip_req = requirement_set.get_requirement("pip")
+            except KeyError:
+                modifying_pip = False
+            else:
+                # If we're not replacing an already installed pip,
+                # we're not modifying it.
+                modifying_pip = pip_req.satisfied_by is None
+            protect_pip_from_modification_on_windows(modifying_pip=modifying_pip)
+
+            check_binary_allowed = get_check_binary_allowed(finder.format_control)
+
+            reqs_to_build = [
+                r
+                for r in requirement_set.requirements.values()
+                if should_build_for_install_command(r, check_binary_allowed)
+            ]
+
+            _, build_failures = build(
+                reqs_to_build,
+                wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
+                verify=True,
+                build_options=[],
+                global_options=[],
+            )
+
+            # If we're using PEP 517, we cannot do a legacy setup.py install
+            # so we fail here.
+            pep517_build_failure_names: List[str] = [
+                r.name for r in build_failures if r.use_pep517  # type: ignore
+            ]
+            if pep517_build_failure_names:
+                raise InstallationError(
+                    "Could not build wheels for {}, which is required to "
+                    "install pyproject.toml-based projects".format(
+                        ", ".join(pep517_build_failure_names)
+                    )
+                )
+
+            # For now, we just warn about failures building legacy
+            # requirements, as we'll fall through to a setup.py install for
+            # those.
+            for r in build_failures:
+                if not r.use_pep517:
+                    r.legacy_install_reason = 8368
+
+            to_install = resolver.get_installation_order(requirement_set)
+
+            # Check for conflicts in the package set we're installing.
+            conflicts: Optional[ConflictDetails] = None
+            should_warn_about_conflicts = (
+                not options.ignore_dependencies and options.warn_about_conflicts
+            )
+            if should_warn_about_conflicts:
+                conflicts = self._determine_conflicts(to_install)
+
+            # Don't warn about script install locations if
+            # --target or --prefix has been specified
+            warn_script_location = options.warn_script_location
+            if options.target_dir or options.prefix_path:
+                warn_script_location = False
+
+            installed = install_given_reqs(
+                to_install,
+                install_options,
+                global_options,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
+                use_user_site=options.use_user_site,
+                pycompile=options.compile,
+            )
+
+            lib_locations = get_lib_location_guesses(
+                user=options.use_user_site,
+                home=target_temp_dir_path,
+                root=options.root_path,
+                prefix=options.prefix_path,
+                isolated=options.isolated_mode,
+            )
+            env = get_environment(lib_locations)
+
+            installed.sort(key=operator.attrgetter("name"))
+            items = []
+            for result in installed:
+                item = result.name
+                try:
+                    installed_dist = env.get_distribution(item)
+                    if installed_dist is not None:
+                        item = f"{item}-{installed_dist.version}"
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                items.append(item)
+
+            if conflicts is not None:
+                self._warn_about_conflicts(
+                    conflicts,
+                    resolver_variant=self.determine_resolver_variant(options),
+                )
+
+            installed_desc = " ".join(items)
+            if installed_desc:
+                write_output(
+                    "Successfully installed %s",
+                    installed_desc,
+                )
+        except OSError as error:
+            show_traceback = self.verbosity >= 1
+
+            message = create_os_error_message(
+                error,
+                show_traceback,
+                options.use_user_site,
+            )
+            logger.error(message, exc_info=show_traceback)  # noqa
+
+            return ERROR
+
+        if options.target_dir:
+            assert target_temp_dir
+            self._handle_target_dir(
+                options.target_dir, target_temp_dir, options.upgrade
+            )
+        if options.root_user_action == "warn":
+            warn_if_run_as_root()
+        return SUCCESS
+
+    def _handle_target_dir(
+        self, target_dir: str, target_temp_dir: TempDirectory, upgrade: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        ensure_dir(target_dir)
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        lib_dir_list = []
+
+        # Checking both purelib and platlib directories for installed
+        # packages to be moved to target directory
+        scheme = get_scheme("", home=target_temp_dir.path)
+        purelib_dir = scheme.purelib
+        platlib_dir = scheme.platlib
+        data_dir = scheme.data
+
+        if os.path.exists(purelib_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(purelib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(platlib_dir) and platlib_dir != purelib_dir:
+            lib_dir_list.append(platlib_dir)
+        if os.path.exists(data_dir):
+            lib_dir_list.append(data_dir)
+
+        for lib_dir in lib_dir_list:
+            for item in os.listdir(lib_dir):
+                if lib_dir == data_dir:
+                    ddir = os.path.join(data_dir, item)
+                    if any(s.startswith(ddir) for s in lib_dir_list[:-1]):
+                        continue
+                target_item_dir = os.path.join(target_dir, item)
+                if os.path.exists(target_item_dir):
+                    if not upgrade:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists. Specify "
+                            "--upgrade to force replacement.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.islink(target_item_dir):
+                        logger.warning(
+                            "Target directory %s already exists and is "
+                            "a link. pip will not automatically replace "
+                            "links, please remove if replacement is "
+                            "desired.",
+                            target_item_dir,
+                        )
+                        continue
+                    if os.path.isdir(target_item_dir):
+                        shutil.rmtree(target_item_dir)
+                    else:
+                        os.remove(target_item_dir)
+
+                shutil.move(os.path.join(lib_dir, item), target_item_dir)
+
+    def _determine_conflicts(
+        self, to_install: List[InstallRequirement]
+    ) -> Optional[ConflictDetails]:
+        try:
+            return check_install_conflicts(to_install)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(
+                "Error while checking for conflicts. Please file an issue on "
+                "pip's issue tracker: https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/new"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    def _warn_about_conflicts(
+        self, conflict_details: ConflictDetails, resolver_variant: str
+    ) -> None:
+        package_set, (missing, conflicting) = conflict_details
+        if not missing and not conflicting:
+            return
+
+        parts: List[str] = []
+        if resolver_variant == "legacy":
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's legacy dependency resolver does not consider dependency "
+                "conflicts when selecting packages. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+        else:
+            assert resolver_variant == "2020-resolver"
+            parts.append(
+                "pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account "
+                "all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the "
+                "source of the following dependency conflicts."
+            )
+
+        # NOTE: There is some duplication here, with commands/check.py
+        for project_name in missing:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dependency in missing[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    "{name} {version} requires {requirement}, "
+                    "which is not installed."
+                ).format(
+                    name=project_name,
+                    version=version,
+                    requirement=dependency[1],
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        for project_name in conflicting:
+            version = package_set[project_name][0]
+            for dep_name, dep_version, req in conflicting[project_name]:
+                message = (
+                    "{name} {version} requires {requirement}, but {you} have "
+                    "{dep_name} {dep_version} which is incompatible."
+                ).format(
+                    name=project_name,
+                    version=version,
+                    requirement=req,
+                    dep_name=dep_name,
+                    dep_version=dep_version,
+                    you=("you" if resolver_variant == "2020-resolver" else "you'll"),
+                )
+                parts.append(message)
+
+        logger.critical("\n".join(parts))
+
+
+def get_lib_location_guesses(
+    user: bool = False,
+    home: Optional[str] = None,
+    root: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated: bool = False,
+    prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> List[str]:
+    scheme = get_scheme(
+        "",
+        user=user,
+        home=home,
+        root=root,
+        isolated=isolated,
+        prefix=prefix,
+    )
+    return [scheme.purelib, scheme.platlib]
+
+
+def site_packages_writable(root: Optional[str], isolated: bool) -> bool:
+    return all(
+        test_writable_dir(d)
+        for d in set(get_lib_location_guesses(root=root, isolated=isolated))
+    )
+
+
+def decide_user_install(
+    use_user_site: Optional[bool],
+    prefix_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    target_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+    root_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    isolated_mode: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """Determine whether to do a user install based on the input options.
+
+    If use_user_site is False, no additional checks are done.
+    If use_user_site is True, it is checked for compatibility with other
+    options.
+    If use_user_site is None, the default behaviour depends on the environment,
+    which is provided by the other arguments.
+    """
+    # In some cases (config from tox), use_user_site can be set to an integer
+    # rather than a bool, which 'use_user_site is False' wouldn't catch.
+    if (use_user_site is not None) and (not use_user_site):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install by explicit request")
+        return False
+
+    if use_user_site:
+        if prefix_path:
+            raise CommandError(
+                "Can not combine '--user' and '--prefix' as they imply "
+                "different installation locations"
+            )
+        if virtualenv_no_global():
+            raise InstallationError(
+                "Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages "
+                "are not visible in this virtualenv."
+            )
+        logger.debug("User install by explicit request")
+        return True
+
+    # If we are here, user installs have not been explicitly requested/avoided
+    assert use_user_site is None
+
+    # user install incompatible with --prefix/--target
+    if prefix_path or target_dir:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install due to --prefix or --target option")
+        return False
+
+    # If user installs are not enabled, choose a non-user install
+    if not site.ENABLE_USER_SITE:
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because user site-packages disabled")
+        return False
+
+    # If we have permission for a non-user install, do that,
+    # otherwise do a user install.
+    if site_packages_writable(root=root_path, isolated=isolated_mode):
+        logger.debug("Non-user install because site-packages writeable")
+        return False
+
+    logger.info(
+        "Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages "
+        "is not writeable"
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+def reject_location_related_install_options(
+    requirements: List[InstallRequirement], options: Optional[List[str]]
+) -> None:
+    """If any location-changing --install-option arguments were passed for
+    requirements or on the command-line, then show a deprecation warning.
+    """
+
+    def format_options(option_names: Iterable[str]) -> List[str]:
+        return ["--{}".format(name.replace("_", "-")) for name in option_names]
+
+    offenders = []
+
+    for requirement in requirements:
+        install_options = requirement.install_options
+        location_options = parse_distutils_args(install_options)
+        if location_options:
+            offenders.append(
+                "{!r} from {}".format(
+                    format_options(location_options.keys()), requirement
+                )
+            )
+
+    if options:
+        location_options = parse_distutils_args(options)
+        if location_options:
+            offenders.append(
+                "{!r} from command line".format(format_options(location_options.keys()))
+            )
+
+    if not offenders:
+        return
+
+    raise CommandError(
+        "Location-changing options found in --install-option: {}."
+        " This is unsupported, use pip-level options like --user,"
+        " --prefix, --root, and --target instead.".format("; ".join(offenders))
+    )
+
+
+def create_os_error_message(
+    error: OSError, show_traceback: bool, using_user_site: bool
+) -> str:
+    """Format an error message for an OSError
+
+    It may occur anytime during the execution of the install command.
+    """
+    parts = []
+
+    # Mention the error if we are not going to show a traceback
+    parts.append("Could not install packages due to an OSError")
+    if not show_traceback:
+        parts.append(": ")
+        parts.append(str(error))
+    else:
+        parts.append(".")
+
+    # Spilt the error indication from a helper message (if any)
+    parts[-1] += "\n"
+
+    # Suggest useful actions to the user:
+    #  (1) using user site-packages or (2) verifying the permissions
+    if error.errno == errno.EACCES:
+        user_option_part = "Consider using the `--user` option"
+        permissions_part = "Check the permissions"
+
+        if not running_under_virtualenv() and not using_user_site:
+            parts.extend(
+                [
+                    user_option_part,
+                    " or ",
+                    permissions_part.lower(),
+                ]
+            )
+        else:
+            parts.append(permissions_part)
+        parts.append(".\n")
+
+    # Suggest the user to enable Long Paths if path length is
+    # more than 260
+    if (
+        WINDOWS
+        and error.errno == errno.ENOENT
+        and error.filename
+        and len(error.filename) > 260
+    ):
+        parts.append(
+            "HINT: This error might have occurred since "
+            "this system does not have Windows Long Path "
+            "support enabled. You can find information on "
+            "how to enable this at "
+            "https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/enable-long-paths\n"
+        )
+
+    return "".join(parts).strip() + "\n"